Report on the Indian schools of Manitoba and the North-West Territories

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REPORT ON -THE INDIAN SCHOOLS OF
_. MANITOBA AND THE NORTH:
So WEST TERRITORIES

BY oF .
P. H. BRY CHE, M.A,, M.D.
Chief mir edical Officer, Department of Indian Affairs

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. ee _ OTTAWA.
eS GOVERNMENT: PRINTING. BUREAU
: 1907,

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REPORT ON THE Horan SCHOOLS OF
MANITOBA .-AND THE NORTH-
WEST TERRITORIES

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BY «|. _
P. WU. BRYCE, M.A., M.D.
Chief Medical Officer, Department of Indian Affairs.
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“OTTAWA ;
. GOVERNMENT PRINTING BUREAU

1907 \

Frank Pepiey, Esq.,

DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS,
7 Orrawa, June 19, 1907.

Deputy Supt. General’ .of Indian -Affairs,
Ottawa.

Sm,—I have the honour to submit my report on the Indian schools of Manitoba
and the Northwest Territories. ;
Your obedient servant,

P. H. BRYOE,
Chief Medical Officer.

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ERRATA,

Page 15, after the words ‘in the original notes,’ eliminate the words ‘herewith
transmitted.’
Page 16, paragraph 4, second line, read ‘ principals’ for ‘ principles,’
Page 18,-eighth line from the bottom, read'‘shows’ for ‘show,’
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SUMMARY. .
Page 1-15—History of the Indian Schools.

Page 15-17—Present condition of the Indian Schools.
Page 17-19—Health of Pupils of the Indian Schools.

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REPORT ON THE INDIAN SCHOOLS OF MANITOBA AND THE NORTII-
WEST TERRITORIES.

The story of the early explorations and of the trading adventures of the French
and English on the plains of the great Northwest has, ever been one of exceeding in-
terest to the people of Canada; but while filled with romance and important as illus-
trating how the great domain has gradually been brought under the dominion of the
British Crown, it nevertheless is largely lacking as a record of the more silent, yet
more poterit, influences which for over a century have been at work transforming
‘the Indian aborigines into members of a civilized society and loyal subjects of the
King. Restrained through diplomacy, force and the interests of trade by the great
fur-trading companics, the widely distributed and wandering bands of Indians would
still have been savages, had it not been for the heroic devotion of those missionaries
who, attaching themselves to some band, moved with it in its wanderings, or travelled
from post to post where the Indians were assembled while bartering .their furs.

The evolution of schools amongst the Indian population of the Northwest natur-
ally begins with the efforts of the early missionaries to obtain an influence over the
Indians through the education and guidance of the children. The Roman Catholic
Church as early as 1817 sent its first missionary into this extensive region ‘and its

' work has been extended to far within the Arctic Circle, reaching even to the Northern

Ocean, Co-incident with its work has been that of the Church of England, whose
missionaries, locating near some Hudson’s Bay Company’s trading post,Phave covered,
through the work of the Church of England Missionary Society, ghe entire Northwest

to Fort McPherson and the Yukon. To illustrate—the first AWflican mission was.

established at Winnipeg in 1820, Dynevor in 1833, Cumberland in‘’1840, Lac la Ronge
in 1840, Battleford in 1876, the Blood Mission in 1880, Fort Simpson in 1858, Fort
McPherson in 1874, and Rampart House in 1882. The British Methodist Church began
its labours by establishing missions on Lake Winnipeg at Norway House and Berens
River in 1856, gradually extending westward as far as the Stony _Tesgrve in the foot-_
hills of the Rockies. The Presbyterian Church, latest in the field, started a mission at
Prince Albert in 1867. The stories of hardship and of danger endured by these mis-
sionaries of the Cross have been but incidentally told, but the results are shown in the
list of missions and of day schools in existence when this enormous territory passed

into the hands of the Dominion of Canada in 1870. The lists are very incomplete, but’

a published report shows that 20 Roman Catholic schools and 5 Church of England
schools received in 1877 some financial aid from the Dominion government. The fol-
lowing statement, taken from a report published in 1897, gives the total grants made

y by the government to the schools of the different churches in the years 1877, 1886,
” 1896 and 1906:-—

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Taste 7.—Showing the Government grants to the Schools of Manitoba and the North-
west Territories in 1877, 1886, 1896 -and 1906.

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.

. 1877. 1886. . 1896. 1905-6.
on Kinp or _.
DIstrice, Senool. - — — —_—
Build- | Main- | Build- | Main- | Build- | Main- | Build- | Main-
mg. |tenance., ing. |tenance.; ing. | tenance. ing. | tenance,
3S cts. cts.| $ cts.) $ cts.) & cts. “8 .. cts.
Manitoba... .. Dayoccecefecceeres, 268 45) 0.0, 2,711 87)... 0605. "3,145 13)... 7
Waa eee Boarding, ee rr 1,620 00)...
ee eee Industrial alecsescecteesees- {2,000 00) 12,764 39] ..
Se W. Territories. Day...... 236 00) 1,077 39)...... 3,969 05
" " -|Boarding .{......ccbec cece e| eee ae 536 20] 2,938 15 14, 762 57|2,152 50) 42,406 06
" " .. {Industrial "...; 2,661 62\26,489 74)........ 43, 344 32/8,676 07 35,761 16
150 00, 563 45/2, 807 62 62 139, 815 20] 4,938 15} 79,605 16]10,828 57) 93,347 22

CHURCH OF ENGLAND. Ds

Manitoba... ..../Day...... | sence | 274 50! 325 97] 6,447 22! oe sees 9,634 68)........ 8,930 00
Wo nae eee Boarding. | re re as a rs es es Pere
cee ee Industrial}... ....{... 000.0 [ Sone cee lee ene eecleeeeeeee| 28,027 75}........1 16,488 90

N. W. Territories.|Day. . 0 |........Je eee eee 130 00/1,761 41) ..:....] 4,326 17[..... -{ 4,500 90
0” " {Boarding .}....... rr) Cr ns Se 15, 336 557 134 00 2 567 48

” " . {Industrial ;————]........, ..... 10,179 57; 7,430 00 19, 260 86! 1,369 20 17, 102 69

‘ ULLAL 274 50) 455 97/18,48850; 7,480 00) 76,586 01]1,503 20) 69,588 47

. METHODIST CHURCH.

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Manitoba .....: :..jDay. re rr ». (1,687 710... 0. 1,902 22].... ... 1,500 00
Ho nace e ee ‘Boarding’ rans nen : es eee 5,500 00
ceee nee Industrial |..... vile 13, 526 74 2,952 39 12 000 00

NW. Territories. {Day .. es res Scr eee eee 2,480 7 eveeees 1,800 00
nu u_..|Boarding. . Leveeeee one en 358 54, . | 1,725 GO}.... 2,271 80

" " .. [Industrial : ae ee ee Cees I. seep eel 6,664 3 1,963 64] ~ 9,648°16

r 0 feateefeeeees | 42,408 12)... 26,299 68] 4,916 08, 32,719 95

. wad ’
ee 5

Manitoba ........ Day . ( 600 O¢
Wo kaka ewes Boarding . l, 6,720 60
seeeeaes Industrial Leetee

N. W. Territories, Day......J..... 457 60,1,270 47 900 00
" " .|Boarding .|. tee LA. wadee 6,261. 65

“ ns {Industrial}... 00. foc. etc ee cle eee ene fe eee eee 7,525 72

pre rece tet fre es | reece | a

457 60}1,270 47 22,007 97

UNDENOMINATIONAL— 8600 00.

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The following is n summary of the expenditures set forth in the former table :~—

~ : 0 A8T7. 1886. 1896. 1906,
Clauss of School. ‘

: Building | Maint’nce Building }Maint’nce| Building | Maint’nce| Buildiag | Maint’nce

ren | eee teen | a ee ee, |

& cts. $ cts.| .$ cts, 8 cta. 3 cts. _ 3 cts. 3 cta, 3 cts.

R, Catholic Schools..| 150 00, SUB 45) 2,807 G2 30,X15 20 4,938 15) 76,605.46) 10,828 59) 93,347 22
Church of England..| ........ ! 27+ 50 455 97 18, 488 50) 7,480 00 i 588 OL L 603 30] 69,588 47

Methodist Church, . . 2 4o4 12 ooo, 26,299 U8] 4, 916 03 32,719 96
Presbyterian .. see wf? 487 60 1,270 47} ........ 24,360 11]... . . .| 22,007 97
_Undenominational... a i . Se Sr a a 600 OU

150 00 812 95) 3,811 19 52,978 20 20/ 12,368 16| 206,843 26/17,247 92/208,263 62

Thus the counection of the Dominion government with the Indian schools of the .. | ,

Northwest began in 1871, when on August 3, the first treaty, extinguishing the
Indians’ title to the lands within the boundaries of southeastern’ Manitoba, was

signed. The dates of the several treaties were :— .

I Southonstern Manitoba ...... 0.0... 0... tee ... August 3, 1871, ,
IL Lake Manitoba (south )..... 6.6... eee eee eed August ai, 1871. ‘

TIT Northwest Angle.... 6. 66. 6.6. 6 cece ee cece eee October 3, 1873.

IV Qu’Appelle District... 6 ccc cece cece eee September 5, 1874.
V Lake Winnipeg... 0.0... eee cee cen e eee e ee September 24, 1875.

VI Fort Pitt... 0. 2.20. cece ccc eee eee ree ee eee September 9, 1876.

VII Blackfoot District... 0.0.00... cece ce cece ne cee eens September 2, 1877.

As the terms of all these treaties were much the same, some of the particulars .
may be quoted; .
They provided :—

- 1st. That sufficient land be reserved to give 160 acres to cach family of 5

2nd. For prohibiting the sale of intoxicants.
3rd, A present of three dollars per capita to the Indians on the reserve.
4th, That schools would be provided for the Indians.

At Confederation in 1867 it was agreed that the Indian Department should con-
tribute an amount equal to that contributed by the Methodist Church for schools in
Ontario and Quebec, provided the sum did not: exceed $1,000. Hence it was natura]
and easy, apart from treaty engagements, for the government to extend this principle
to the schools of the newly acquired Northwest Territories. There appears a memor-
andum of Sir John A. Macdonald, dated October 19, 1880, fixing the salary of -$300 tu
be given each day schoolteacher in Manitoba and the’ Territories. It also states that
if the attendance should fall short of 25 in any quarter, the teacher should be paid a‘
a per capita rate of $3 per quarter; in the, case of non-denominational schools, it Was
considered that teachers should be paid a maximum salary of $504, or at the rate of
$12 per annum for 42 pupils; if the attendance be short of this number, the teacher
should receive $3 per pupil for the quarter. The same memorandum provided prizes
or bonuses to the teachers of the five best conducted schools in Manitoba and the North-
west. ‘
In the annual report for 1881, Commissioner Dewdney states :—‘ There are“how f
20 schools and missions in the Northwest Territories, 12 of which are receiving govetn-
ment aid; 9 are Church of England, 6 Roman Catholic, 4 Canada Methodist, and 1
Presbyterian. There are now 11 school-houses under construction or completed, for
which teachers will be required during the coming season. We find considerable dif-
ficulty in securing teachers for schools where the number of children is small and is.

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not likely to increase to an extent sufficient to make the per capita remuneration
attractive, and I would recommend that in these cases a fixed sum be granted, say two- *

thirds (4) of the maximum allowed by order in council of 19th October, 1880. The
‘same report shows that grants were paid to the following additional schools, 10 of
which were in Superintendent Graham's inspectorate i—

1 Little Saskatchewan. 7 Bedens River.
\ 2 Brokenhead. § 4 Kishor Lake.

3 Ebb and Flow. 9) Eagle Hall.

4 Fairford. 10 Isle ad la Crosse.

“5 Lake St. Marti, 11 Onion Lake.
6 Black River. .

Th total amount paid by they ‘government as salaries to teachers that year in these
31 schobls was $3,227.50, or roughly, $100 per school.
the same appendix may be found items for building materials ond for erecting
luildings,at several points.

These quotations serve very well to indicate the embryonie condition of the Indian
schogl system, if it may be so called, in the Northwest, and regarding which the adop-
tion fin 188+ of the industrial school idea secems to have been a necessary growth.
Sueh was the general condition when in 1879 Afr. -N, I. Davin was appointed «#
commissioner to report on the establishment of industrial schools in the Northwest.
romprehensive report, dated March. 14, 1879, was the result of his investigations.
Inf/his conclusions he says:—‘T should recommend at once ‘an extensive application
of/the principle of industrial boarding schools in the Northwest, were it not thatthe
pépulation is so largely migratory that any great outlay at present would be money
thrown away” Tle also recommends—-

i 1st. Wherever the missionaries have schools, those schools should be utilized by
jthe government if possible; that is:to say. a eontract should be made with the religious
body controlling the school to board, educate and train industrially a certain number
[ot pupils. OO

2nd. Not more than four industrial schools should be established at first.

3rd. That one be established at the junction of the north and south Saskatchewan
near Prince Albert, under, the Episcopal Church,

4th. Advises one near Old Fort Bow, near the Stonies and Black fect.

5th. Adviscs that there be one at Qu’Appelle under the Roman Catholic Church.

Gth. Advises that there be one established on Riding” Mountain, under the Presby-
terian Church. 2

- The report: says:— The importance of denominational schools at the outset must

be obvious.......... Where, however, the poor Indian has been brought face toofage.

with polemics “and settlements are divided, or think they are divided, on metaphysical
niceties, the school should be, as at the White Earth Agency, Minnesota, undenom)-
national’ It further advises ‘that, a3 bands become more amenable to the restraints
of civilization, education should be made compulsory.’ Also that ‘the character of
the teacher, morally and intellectually, is a matter of vital importance; if he is morally
weak, whatever his intellectual qualifications may be, he is worse than no teacher at
all; if he is poorly instructed oy feeble in brain, he only acts every day an elaborate
farce.’ The report also advises competent inspection and that special advantages be
given to boys and girls showing special aptitudes, and finally that, ‘the salary of a
teacher must be such ag will induce good men to offer themselves’... .. .fin the
future when the manual labour boarding schools are established institutions, these
teachers, who manage these schools in a manner foward self-support, should have a
percentage in the reduction in the cost of management.’ .

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_ The report formed the Vasis, apparently, of the action taken subsequently in‘
, 18883, when a grant of $44,000 was made by parliament to catablivh three. industrial
* schools,

. Tn the’annual ropart of 1881, Commissioner Dewdney states that he hopes to have
selections made of localities for the three proposed industrial schools.

“On July 19, 1883, an order in council was passed adopting the recommendation
of a report of the. Superintendent Gene ral of Indian Affairs by the Deputy, Mr. Van-
koughnet,sin whieh it was! ordered :—

Ist. That the Government buildings at Ruttleford be at once utilized for the pur-
pose’of a Protestant institution, and thitt the Rev. T. Clark be appointed principal at
a salary of $1,200. ‘ .

2nd. That the.staff consist of an assistant to the principal, a matron, a farmer and
a cook, and that the assistant be a layman.

3rd. That the Commissioner determine whether the pupils be taken from one tribe,
or independently from all the bands in a given aren.

4th. That the Cominissioner he charged with the duty of seeing that the buildings
are fitted up. ,

5th. The minister recomme ads that 4 Roman Catholie industrial school at or near
Qu’Appolle be established with the same staff as at Battleford, and that the selection
of the principal be left with the Archbishop of St. Boniface. ’

6th. The niinister also recommends that a Roman Catholic industrial school be
established at gom> point in Treaty 7, and that the selection of the principal be left
to the Bishop of St. Albert.

‘th. That the Commissioner’s patention he especially drawn to the confidential
report of Mr. N. F. Davin on the subject.

. The maintenance of the industfial schools from the period of their establishment
in 1884 was easumed wholly by the. department; while on October 22, 1892, an order in
council was passed, intended to regulate the matter of their expenses. This document,
which since then has governed generally the management of the industrial schools,
is so important that it is inserted here: —

The following i is a copy of the order in council of October 22, 1892, providing for
the carrying on of industrial schools in Manitoba and the Northwest Territories :—

‘“Onareport dated 17th October, 1892, from the Superintendent General of Indian
Affairs stating that-it is advisable to make a change in the manner of carrying on those
industrial schools in the Northwest that are wholly supported by the government. The
cost of those institutions is larger, it is thought, than that for which they might be
conducted, and with a view to more economical management it is advisable and neces-
sary to adopt some method which would relieve the pressure of the present: expenditure
and at the same time keep up the schools to an equal standard of efficiency and use-
fulness.’ ww

‘The minister considers that when the whole cost of an. institution is directly borne -
by the government the same economy by those.in—itimediate charge is nat used as
would be employed under other conditions. Demands, under the present system, are
frequently made for articles and supplies, whereas if the, amount to be expended were
to take the form more of an annual per capita grant, more effort in the way of econo-
mizing would be made.’

‘The minister states that the actual cost to the government, as shown under the -
head of ixidustrial schools, docs not represent the total expenditure which the present
system entails, as there is a small expense in the purchasing and inspection of supplies
to be added.’

‘The accounts for the past year (1890-91) show that the per capita cost of each
child at the industrial schools under consideration was :—

Qu’Appelle . 6. oe eee eee pede eee ee cena re ee cenneee $134 67 .
Battleford . 20 woe. vee eee fee eee eee seuaueeeeeeeeeenes 175 45 wy oe

High River...... .......... a keer eens wen ee eeteeeenees 185 55

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‘The rate per capita, it is thought, is higher th it would be if a forced system
of economy were exercised, and that the best way to effect the desired decrease would
be to place the schools under a per capita grant system similar to that now in operation
at Elkhorn and St. Paul’s under Church of England authorities, St. Boniface and
Kootenay under Roman Catholig Church authorities, The per capita system under
which these schools are operated by religious bodies has been found to work satisfne-
torily.’

‘The minister therefore recommends that the following be applied fo the indus-
trial Schools in operation in the Northwest Territories, and to such other similar in-
stitutions ag may hereafter be established, as soon as, in the opinion of the Indian
Department, said institutions are in proper runing order, at rates to be fixed upon as
being fair and just, viz.:

1. ‘The buildings are to be kept in repair jointly by the government and the man-
agreement, the former to furnish the material and the latter to perform the labour.

2. ‘All books and appliances, that is, maps, globes, &c., for educational purposes,
. be furnished by the government.

(3) ‘All charges for maintenance, salaries and expenses to be paid by the man-

“ agement, out of the per capita grant.

(4) The management not in “any event to charge children or their parents for
being allowed to attend such institutions.

(5) ‘The government ta pay to the management an annual grant for each pupil
up_to the number authorized by the Indian Department, as represented by the com-
missigner, at the following ratcs:—

Qu’ Appelle. . Lada eee eect nent eee ee bdo ones ee ee wee S115 00
Regina. . See eee ee cee eC bene bee ne eee ee tee es 120 00
Battleford... 00. Ls. Lc eee nee ere eee e ene t ee 6 nee 140 00
High River... oo... cee bee pete eee eens bene vee 130 00

(6) ‘For this consideration the management shall agree to conform to the rules
of the Indian Department, ag laid duwn from time to time, and to keep the schools
at a certain standard of instruction, dietary and domestic comfort, and that the in-
spectors and officers of the Indian Department: may at any time inspect and report
upon the institutions.

(7) ‘Payment to be made only for children authorized by the commissioner to
be admitted, and in accordance: with the scale now governing payments to schools under
the per capita system, which may be altered from time to time to suit circumstances,
and no children, white or Indian, are to be admitted save under’ authority of the com-
missioner,

(8) ‘The minister deems it desirable to put this system into operation after a
reasonable time is given to the Church authorities, and he recommends that the first
of July, 1893, be fixed as the date upon which the per capita allowances shall com-
mence to be payable.

‘The committee submit the above for Your 7 Excellency’s approval.’

In addition to the per capita grant, the following concessions have been made to
schools established under the above order in council :—

1. That account books, stationery and an allowance for postage will be given those
institutions.

2, That strict accounts of all expenditure incurred on behalf of each school, sup-
ported by vouchers, will be required by the department to be kept in each institution,

and at the expiration of each year, a revision of the rate of capitation may be made...

should it appear that such a step is considered necessary. .

3. In the event of pupils over and above the number already authorized and
estimated for on the capitation system, being admitted into a school, and. for whom
no provision has been made. beds for occupation by such additional pupils are to be
given by the department, if they cannot be made in the institution.

4, In the event of the crection of new buildings at the expense of the department:

becoming necessagy, the cost of-the heating apparatus to be included in such cost.

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5. Agricultural and other implements, when considered by the department as being
untit for further use, may be disposed of by the’ officers of the institution in such
manner ag may be thought proper by them.

6. The department will agree: to provide sufficient grazing land for use of each
institution. “

. The department agrecs to: provide sufficfent. fencing material for the first in-
closure required, but the fences must be renewed at the expense of the institution.

8. Medical attendance as directed by the commissioner for the pupils of each
institution will be provided and paid for by the department.

9. An advance of a sum to be agreed upon will, until further advice, be made | W
the department to each institution at the commencement of each quarter, to, admit. of
the current expenses of that quarter being defrayed.

Such then was the beginning of what may be called secondary school education
amongst the Indians of the Northwest, and this, as will be noticed, was coincident
with the construction of the Canadiqn Pacifie railway, which was edmpleted across the
prairie and which event the commissioucr states would facilitate the movement of
pupils and supplies.

Taniy II.—Statement giving the Population, Indians of School Age, and Schools and
Attendance, within the different provincial areas of the Northwest in 1905-6.

{. MANITOBA.’
; =
Report, | A 2
epor : verage :
Apenc 1905-6. Children Induatrial and ‘Annual 8%
gency Popula- | ¢ to 15. Boarding Schools. Attend- | 47
tion. sy] , ance. om
‘ al
+} — —— ——__- —_ —
Treaty I—
f\Brandon, (M.) .. 20... 91 | 1896
Lower Lake Winnipeg Agency... 2,504 471 (jElkhorn. (C. Ej... 2, <7} 1888
Treaty IT— ‘Cecilia Jeffrey, (P.).. 31 | 1902
Take Manitoba Agency........ H 727 1647 ‘Rat Portage, (R.C.J..... 28 | 1897
, Fort Alexander, (R. C.).. © AB le.
Treaty III— |
Buffalo Bay Agency. .... ...... 26 4 jNorway House, (M.)... 0. 51 | 1890
Treaty IV— ‘Portage la Prairie, (P.)....| ~ 23 | 1891
Bull Agency....... -. 0... eee 1,217 |. 2744 \Sandy Bay, (R.C.)....,... 35 | 1903
Pine Creek, (R.C.).. 66 | 1890
Treaty V-- | .
Lake Winni ipegoeis Agency...... 3,479 796 |Birtle, (P.) ... ......04.. 44 | 1888
Sioux near Portage la Prairie.... 121 17 —_-—.
: _ _ 479
8,074 1,726 .
fT "SASKATCHEWAN. -
Treaty Wag ‘ 628 187 Industrial— °
‘e RENCY.. ee. ee tees ' u’Appelle, (R. C.)..... 206 | 1884
White Bear Agency. ... . | 189 36 RaenePets { seneee beats 56 | 182
Crooked Lake Agency.. . 534 109 Battleford, (C.E.)...... 71 | 1894
i Boarding— . .
Qu’Appelle Agency... sees ‘ 860 140
Assiniboine Agency... beeen teteeeet 313 26 Round Lake, (P.)..: 30 | 1887
Touchwood Hills Agency........ 620 85- | Coweasis, (R. C.)........ 44 | 1898
Duck Lake Agency.............. 945 228 File Hills, (Bice. 16 | 1889
Carlton Agenoy .. . ... .... 1,608 - 413 Gordon's, (CE)... 24 | 1892
Battleford ‘Agency ec ce eee ee 886 139 Muscowequan, (R. C.). 31 | 1889
Onion Lake Agency........... , 942 141°} Thunder Child, (R. o ).. 20 | 1895
: Duck Lake, (R. GC.) . 100 | 1895
Prince Albert. (C.E.).- 48 | 1889
Isle & la Crosse, (R. C. ).. 28 | 1897
| Kegrokoo Pa weeeee Fa 1383
— — [—- - - ees » (R.C.).....
| 7,425 | 1,504 peckoose, (ReC.).....) 22

735

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Taste IT.—Con—Statement giving the Population, Indians of School Age, and
Schools and Attendance, within ‘the different provincial areas of the Northwest.

ALBERTA.
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Treaty VI—Con, ' Industrial— * \ .
Tarmineskin'’s Agency BOE. 128 High River, (R. C.). ... 77 | 1885 '
Saddle Lake Agency. G87 | 126 Calgary, (C. i.) oo... 18 | 1896 |
Hobbema Agency.... 06.2000. OL, 118 Red Deer, (MAO oe. 83 «1893 i
Treaty VII | Boarding— '
' . Peigan, (C. ¥.) 26. 1893
Blackfoot Agency.... 2... 21... 803 | 129 Sacred Neat. (B.C. ).. 28 | 1895
Sareee Agency .. 62... 0 66. eee . 203 1 29 St. Panls, (C. ) ve ceeee 36 |: 1893
‘Stony Agency...... 0.0.0... 0005 660 156 Blood Reserve, (R. C.). 33 | 1898
Peigan Agency...... 0.6... 0.05. : 493. 87 Sarcee, (C. BE.) .... oo 15 | 1895
Blood Agency.. 2.01.0 v.66. ee 1,181 236 Morley, (M.)........... 33 | 1887
‘ Blackfoot, ge o} se eeeen 81 | 1884
‘ 30 | 1900 }
Hobbema, CR e \ see | 5 1805 .
: St. Albert, (R. GL)... 64 | 1889
‘ ' Saddle Lake, R.C.).. 84 | 1803 {
Onion. Luke, (C. KE.) .. 11! 1801 \
| » OR Bye 33 | 1894 _
. ee . | ns 5 t
- | 5512 999) / 612 a
oii —ee |
Grand total, L 21,011 4,212 | ‘
' i eee |
The total number in attendance at the industrial and boarding schools visited by
inc is thus seen to have been 1,826 in 1905-6; while the actual number of those present
in all these in 1905-6 was 1,999. This with the total number, 694, registered at the 74
day schools in 1905- 6, gives the total school attendance in schools of every class as
2,601, ;
Taste J11—Statement showing Amount of School Grant and Number of Pupils in |
attendance in T+ day schools in 1905-6. |
sravon for Sal. ma
: or On Roll. Attendance.
* Annual Grant.
+Manituba .... .. , 8 18,430 00 1,071 476
Saskatchewan : 5,760 00 | - 323 138 :
Alberta 2 700 00 186 80 —
| | nen ene L
; ; | 21,890 00 1,580 694

While the legal school age for admission‘ ‘is from 7 to 16 years, yet children are. ‘
admitted at 6 years, and are regularly graduated from the industrial and boarding a
schools at 18 years, but the number of persons between the ages of 7 to 17 inclusive in
an average population of 21,011 would be about 5,160, so that taking the average at- ,
tendance in all schools as 2,691, this amounts to but 52 per cent of the Indian pupils ‘
of the ages between which children ‘actually attend school.”

Reverting to the boarding and industrial school attendance, it is found that a re-
markable change has taken place in the relative numbers, during the past six years.

Cee vou

15

,

TauLe TV.—Statement of Attendance at Industrial and Boarding Schools in 1900 and

in 1906.
Industrial § vy ae oy Total
ndustrial Schools. | Boarding Schools. School Attendance.
Territory. _ —_——_
1900 1506 1900 1906 1900 1906
Manitoba oo oc eee eee eee eee be oe + Boe 195 153 420 547 615
N. W. Territories. .0.. 00... cece cee | G24 498 (+ 903 1,319 1,617 1,817

1,018 | 693 | 1,146 w | 1.739 | 2,164 2,432

Thus while the (otal industrial and boarding school increase during the six years
wus 268, the decreas. 1m the industrial schools was 325. Where the falling off has
been is seen in the following figures :—. ;

Tas.e V.—Statement giving Attendanee at the various Industrial Schools in 1900
and 1907, at time of visit.

Name of School. 1901 1907 Name of School. 1901 1907
Battleford 2.00 2. ce eee 99 59 |;Red Deer....... 6.0 ceeeees BO 87
Calgary .......6. cece enone 40 19 High River. .......0. seek i 84 83__
Elkhorn .......... 0005056 . 68 9 (Qu’Appelle.. 20.6... eee ee \ 216 235
Regina...........6. 6 eee 104 56 (St. Boniface..... 2... 20. 6. 95 | closed.
Brandon... 60... eee ee ee | 102 115 |.Rupert’s Land. . 0... 0... 112 "

| 408 | 339 |; . BGG 375

THE CONDITION OF THE SCHOOLS ON INSPECTION.

According to instructions I visited.the industrial and boarding schools of Manitoba
and the Territorics, during the months of March, April and May, inspecting 35 in all
and omitting the Pine Creek and Sandy Bay boarding schools in Manitoba, and those
of Kenora and Cecilia Jeffrey in Ontario. which could not be reached on account of
freshets and ice. Neither were the schools at Fort Chipewyan and Wabiscow Lake
visited. Summarized details with regard to the several schools will be found in tables

VII. and VIII. of this report, and in yet more detail in the original notes herewith.

transmitted. As might be expected from the history of the schools, very great differ-
ences exist, first in the age and character of the buildings, and secondly i in the inter-
nal school and dormitory space and in their sanitary and general equipment. But as
regards the general efficiency and even the health of the children, it has been found
that the extent of the buildings, and even the number of the staff, are by no means
necessarily the measure of the success of any particular school either as regards the
numbers in attendance, the health of the pupils or the discipline and effectiveness of
the schools. .

THE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS.

The industrial schools now in operation, the details of the inspection of which
will be found in table VII., appended to this report, are eight in number, and, as has
been already pointed out, have been carried on, some of them since 1884 at the cost of
the government, and with a large aggregate annual expenditure. The total amount

16

expended upon those in operation was $134,635.98 in 1905-6. The original idea seems
to have been to haye them fairly convenient to the railway, and yet at points about
which there would he a group of reserves, and from which their pupils were to be

. drawn.

As has been already statistically pointed out, there hag been a very notable falling
off in‘the number of pupils since 1/01, and this tendency seems rather to increase than
diminish. The reasons scem chiefly to be:—~

1.'The distance of the schools from the reserves,

2, The ineffectivencss of the staff in several instances,

~~. The lack in practical success of the pupils after graduation.

4. The dependence of the number of pupils upon the co-operation of the staffs of
the boarding schvols and upon the canvassing activity of the principles of the indus-
trial schools,

5. he lack of interest. of Indian agents in schools at great distances from their
particular reserves.

G. The dislike of the parents to have their children so far from home.

7. The great: increase and enlargement of the boarding schools on or near the
reserves.

With, perhaps, the exception of that of Brandon school, every principal expressed
the same opinion regarding the difficulty of obtaining and retaining pupils, and all

* scem to feel that the obligation, in practice if not in theory, which is placed upon them

of gathering pupils is not only disagreeable, but is further one which takes them from
their proper duties as administrators of the school. Wowever much force there may
be in this contention, the fact yet remains that it is only in four instances, those of
QwAppelle, igh River, Brandon and Elkhorn, that the schools as regards either
numbers or effectiveness can be said to have held their own, and that it is only in these

that efficient staffs, cnergetic principals and good discipline are to be found. When
so remarkable and successful a principal as Rev. Father Naessens, of High River, has
to say that he finds it difficult to maintain the number of his pupils, although situated
within the area whence he can draw from three of the largest reserves, the Blackfeet,

Bloods and Peigans, on all of which there are Roman Catholic boarding schools, and ,

when he says he is now convinced that his school in order'to do the best for his pupils,
ought, contrary to his former view. to be situated on or adjoining some reserve, it
seems evident that with boarding schools increasing in numbers and in efficiency, the

successful continuation of the industrial schools under the present form must become:

increasingly difficult and expensive.

THE BOARDING SCHOOLS,

The origin and history of these schools, which have grown up as it were between
the two original types of schools, the day and the industrial, is most interesting and
instructive. The details of the inspection of these schools will be found in table VIII,
appended to this report. A reference to tablé I will show that in 1886 scarcely" a single
boarding school existed and that to-day we find their number to be 38, with a total cost
to the department of $98,688, and the total pupils 1905-6, 1,739 as compared with (see
tables III. and IV.) 694 in 74 day schools, and 693 in 8 industrial schools. It seems
evident, therefore, that there are in these boarding schools some strong essentially
vital forces which have enabled thgm to force their way_into their present dominant
position. Summarized, these seem to be:—

1. Their location on, or in immediate proximity to, some Indian reserve.

2. That with a few exceptions they have attached to them considerable tracts of
land, and are engaged in some instances even mfre successfully than the industrial
schools in agricultural operations and practical outdoor work.

8. That their principals or some members of their establishment, being usually

- missionaries, are more or Jess constantly and closely in touch with the parents, whose

o

_. Ver

17

children are to keep up the supply of pupils, and who, if they be of the right spirit,
are constantly cultivating an interest in nnd sympathy for the school amongst the
members of the band, such es is impossible for the principals of industrial schools
unassociated with the reserves and long distanees from them.

4, The influence of a good master and spiritual adviser follows him, the pupil,
to the reserve, where he is encouraged and dirceted in establishing himself in his
future occupation on the reserve.

5. The usually smaller schools, less complex in their organization, possess more of
the elements of the family life of a home, and necessarily the influence of the principal,
matron and staff is greater in the degree that their personality enters into the life
of the pupil.

’

THE HEALTH OF THE PUPILS OF THE INDUSTRIAL AND BOARDING
SCHOOLS.

_ When we know that it is only within the last ten years that what is known as the
‘medical inspection of schools’ has been undertaken in the largest urban populations
of this continent, it might be said that it is not to be. wondered at that in our Indian
schools but little of thia work could hitherto have been expected. But/the circumstances
in the two eases are quite different. Jn the public school everywhere the child returns to
its parents at night and they are naturally chiefly responsible for its health. Onthe other
hand, our industrial and boarding schools have been for the full term of residence in
them the home of the child, and for his health the staff of the school is immediately

‘ responsible. Not only so, but this fact has been recognized by the government, which
_wAlasfor Many years appointed and paid medical officers for supervising the health of

the children. Nevertheless, it was natural, under what may be termed the accidental
circumstances under which, especially the day and bosrding schools were begun, and
owing to the lack of any system under which they eame under government inspection
that those teachers accustomed caily to mingling with the Indians in camp would not
exercise any fine discrimination as to the degree of health of those admitted to school.
When in addition, in almost every instance, it was found difficult to maintain the
schoo] attendance up to the number allowed upon which the per capita payment was
made, it is not surprising that cases of scrofula and other forms of constitutional
disease were admitted into the schools. Such cases, under the defective sanitary
condition of many schools, especially in the matter of ventilation, havé been tha
foct from which disease. especially tubercular, has spread, whether through direct
infection, from person to person, or indirectly through the infected dust of floors, ‘
school-rooms and dormitorics. That the actual] situation has not been fully realized,
either by the staffs of the schools or by the medical officers except in a few instances
is shown by the reports receive] from month to month and year to year by the de-
partment. This fact was fully borne out by my own. experience during the recent
inspection. Principals and teachers and even physicians were at times inclined to
question or minimize the dangers of infection from scrofulous or consumptive pupils
and nothing less than peremptory instructions as to how to, deal with eases of disease
existing in the schools will eliminate this ever-present danger of infection. .

One of my special instructions was to obtain a statistical statement of the past
history and present condition of the health of. the children who have been pupils at
the different schools. A list of questions was, therefore. left with each principal, re-
quiring that they be answered and sent directly to my address in Ottawa. It is to be
regretted that more have not, up to date, been received, but the following table from
fifteen schools supplies much valuable information and food for thovght.

Se

AY,

. 18

Taste VI.—Statement giving the Physical Condition of Present
Condition of Pupils now in Schools or
When 7 p
: Total Discharged.
Boarding Schools, estab Admissions. |~——_ : 8 _
ised. Good. Sick, Dead.
Birtle 06.00 oe cece ce cee eee 1888 187 42 6 Se ee wee
File Hilla. ooo... we 1889 (31 Ex-pupils) ... 0... ] cue cee eee ee Teal ae eee vee teaees
Emmanuel College (Prince Albert)... 1889 151 71 17 1
: 41 at school.
: 22 unknown.
Church of England (Blood Reserve)..[ 1891 82 54 7 5 unknown, ....
" " (Peigan Reserve). 1892 119 |..... 0... sek cee eee nee sents ne nee
" (Sarcee) ........- 1892 57 22 12 10 died within
‘ few weeks of
, leaving.
Onion Lake (Churel of England) ... 1893 GLofo cece Lecce cece eee fe cae ce ee eee
Blackfuot® w “ bans 1880) 129 1L
Blood _ (Roman Catholic)! 1898 71 se nes
Peigan " 1806 56
Ermine Skin " " 1895 » 124
St. Albert Orphanage " 1887 254
Onion Lake " " 184 124
Muscowequan = > " " 1889 64 |
Keesvekoose.. " n 1905 30

Allowing for the defective way in which the returns have been made, some re-
turning the present condition of all pupils in school and of all, discharged as far as
ascertained, while others haye returned only the status of ex-pupils, it appears that
of 1,537 pupils returned from 15 schools which have been in operation on an average
of fourteen years, 7 per cent are sick or in poor health and 24 per cent are reported
dead. But a close analysis of sume of the returns reveals an intimate relationship
between the hevlth of the pupils while in the school and that,of their early death sub-
sequent to discharge. Thus, of a total of 31 discharged from the File Hills school,
¥ died at the school, of 6 others there is no record of condition on discharge, but all
are reported to be dead, 7 others died from-within a few months to three years after
discharge and 9 are reported as in good health, 7 being farmers or their wives at the

File Hills Colony, 1 a student, and 1 at Coté’s reserve. It ig most interesting to note

that but 7 have been discharged during the past 5 years and that of these 5 are File
Hills Colouy farmers, and 2 are dead. In every instance where the cause of the 21
deaths was known, it is given as consumption or tuberculosis. I have referred in de-
tail to this school because of the definiteness of statement made, giving an accurate
picture of a school probably no worse than many others, and within the last 5 years,
under its present management, notably better than many others. Changes in the
principal and staff of a school and lack of interest in discharged pupilsmake many school
records defective, and nothing less than a carefully carried ont dorrespondénce could
give us absolute data regarding all the discharged pupils of the schools. It suffices
for us to know, however, that of a total of 1,537 pupils reported upon nearly 25 per
cent are dead, of one schoo] with an absolutely accurate statement, 69 per cent of ex-
pupils are dead, and that everywhere the almost invariable cause of death given is
tuberculosis, Wherever an answer is given to the question, ‘Condition of child on

‘entry?’ it is either not answered or given as ‘good’; so that we have during a fifteen
year period of school histary, a study full of information from the medical standpoint. '

A reference to the details contained in tables VII. and VIII. show that with but two or
three exceptions no serious attempt at the ventilation of dormitories or school-rooms
has hitherto been made; that the air-space of both is, in the absence of regular and

sufficient ventilation, extremely inadequate; that for at least 7 months in the long.

winter of the west, double sashes are-on the windows in order to save fuel and main-
tain warmth and that for some 10 continuous hours children are confined in dormi-
tories, the air of which, if pure to start with, has within 15 minutes become polluted,

so as to be capable of detection by ordinary chemical tests. It is apparent that general

aN

“ah

Oo 19

and Discharged Pupils of Indian Industrial and Boarding Schools.

eases ET

Present Condition of all Pupils, Present Condition of Ex-Pupils.
"Good. | sSSick. Dead. Good. Sick. Dead.
Number of Number of Number of Nutnber of Number of Number of |

pupils, |? ©) pupils. | P| pupil, [PS] pupils. BC) pupils, eC pupils, | Ee
112 | 60 68! 9 67 | 80 |..... ....... rs Creer a errs tee
ercccaleerelan accceessaleccs|oeccteaceetaleaes 9 | 29 1{ 3 21 | 69

99 | 65 20 | 15 B27] 20 [occ ee cece cee elec cele eens cette ec feree| creer reece

48 | 58 8] 9 DH} BO [oe cece cee] ce lec cew were el eee ef veen car etnee

32 | 16 7 5 48 | 30 |Unknown, 22 | 19

32 | 56 5! 8 pO ss ceetlececceee aeabeeeefestees threes

62 | 85 2/1 3 1 Fae 0 | DD

70 | BA 81 7 £53 i Di (0 (PO DG

64 | 76 2] 2 14 | 20 | 1 unknown.

36 | 62 4 7 oS Os 0 Pn Se rr Pry

72 | 67 28 | 20 14 | 11 | 7 unknown.

195 | 76 18} 7 38 | 15 | 8 unknown.

8&4 | 67 "11 9 2 | 20]... wee eaee

39 | 60 7 | 10 10 | 18

25 © 83 4/13 4] 13

ill health from the continued inspiration of an air of increasing foulness is inevitable;
but when sometimes consumptive pupils and, very frequently, others with discharging
scrofulous glands, are present to add an infective quality to the atmosphere, we have
created a situation so dangerous to health that I was often surprised that the results
were not even worse than they have been shown statistically to be. On the other hand,
there were two or thrce instances where the knowledge that fresh air ur oxygen is life
has been positively realized, and where fresh air is allowed to so pour into the dormi-
tories that the air breathed is that of the outer atmosphere. One principal in an other-
wise indifferent old school building said: ‘The medical officer has not been here for
eighteen months, for no one has been sick, for when the wind is in the east we open
the west windows and when in the west we open the east and leave them open all
night.” But, however far one particularly clear-hcaded man may push this modern
gospel of fresh air, it is apparent that it is everywhere the old-fashioned buildings,
their very varied and imperfect methods of heating and an almost complete lack of a
knowledge of the meaning of ventilation and of methods for accomplishing it in the
different schools, that are responsible for this most serious condition which has been
demonstrated and which demands an immediate remedy.

' What further was very noticeable was the almost complete absence of any drill
or manual exercises amongst the boys or calisthenics or breathing exercises amongst
the girls. One would suppose that in boarding schools the need for ‘such exercises
would be looked upon as an elementary necessity; but it wag found that it was only
in some isolated cases that it had ever been heard of or pu¥ into practice. And yet
the disciplinary value of such exercises, apart wholly from{ their health value, is so
obvious’ that one, was not surprised at the remark of that remgrkable woman the
Mother Superior of the St. Albert Orphanage, who satd thet the musical tam-
bourine drill (which I had the pleasure of witnessing) e first means she had
discovered of making the Indian children stand erect an! ise their eyes. Perhaps
however, remembering the very varied types of teachers, the difficulty often egperi-
enced in obtaining permanent ones of high quality, and the sources from which they
are drawn, it may be expecting too much to suppose that so elementary a necessity of
school hygiene as physical exercises should have been a regular part of the course in
these schools. .

. PETER H. BRYCE,
Orrawa, June 19, 1907. , ' Chief Medical. Officer.

\

oy

20 »

(

TABLE V1I.—REPORT ON THE INDUSTRIAL INDIAN SCHOOLS

Brandon,

Miterial in build- Brick and frame...

ing. *
Heating. ... 6. .)Murnace....... 60...
Water. ....... cee. , Wells and windmills,
? !
Sewernge. oe... Outdoor earth closets

Ventilation... 2.
on blyff.

a
Location... 10.66. ‘Overlooking Assini-

Land... )......'8280 acres... 0. 6...

a

1166 deres

‘Smead Dowd system’

hoine at Brandon.!

t
Elkhorn 1 Qu’Appelle
Industrial, Church | Industrial, Roman
of England. Catholic.
Brick......... 0.6. Brick... ce. eee
Hot water boilers and Steam Leet ne tweens

some stov es.

Well and “aggasoline Lake we Appelle and
pimping engine,|-. well
14 hep.

1 Ne :
Outdoor earth closets|Water closets in-
‘ doors, separate
be tank.
Most windows vented| Very’ inadequate
in central shaft in{ small vents in large
part. dormitories,

Near Elkhorn town, : Beautiful location in
4

380 acres......... (5 acres in valley, 2

section on bluff.

Cultivation...".. ../166 acres .... 0.0... 7H acres in addition|350 acres.... .....
ry | to grounds, .

Productsa....°..... See annual report.:1,200 bush. wheat,{130 wheat, 125 oats,

Wheat, borley, oats,” 610 oats, 300 barley, barley, potatoes.
&e. ° 350 potatoes, and] | . “
; “1, vegetables. .
. . 4 : I: .

a Grante. bee e ee Tele e ee eeee ee rs ‘adeeaes

Fire-escapes. Pipe with hose...

od

IcRobie’s,2habcocks; MeRoble, extra es-
hose to all floors. capes to verandahs,

Regina
Industrial School.

Furnaces..... 0... .

Wells unsatisfactory.
No soft water.

to cesspool, No in-
door closets, out-
side box closets,
No special attempt at
ventilation.

Fine site near creek.

Qu’Appelle valley.t .

q

920 acres two miles
from Regina.

i) bevel
2,300 oats, 80 barley,

1,500 wheat, 300'
potatoes,

Wholly by’ govern-
ment.

MéRe bie fire extin-
Bus erk,

. 5 ‘
co 7 - es y & A
Established: . . [1887 ; 888.0... eee ee 1BBL eee cee eee ee WO. ee ee
' Founder... ...... By government, Staff Bygoveryment. Staff|By government. StaffiGovernment. Staff(8)
(8). + | (10) “otal salary,! (16).
. 35,818

Accommodation,...j25...... ..4.. .- nt Cee 230..... beet eee ences 100, pec cece cranes
Attendance. ....../98... ......c.c0 eee MT ee cece eee OBB ek eee e eens BG yeceeee eee cee ee
School population. .|Not op reserve .... iNot on reserve...... Near reserve. [Not on reserve......

a s x

Age of pupils... [4 to lS... 12 to 18.2.0... 7 tO Bee eee (|:

. ” :
, Number entered,/4......... >». ,...|Two or three........[ cc. cc ece eee e cen ees : rr cece e eee ee

1906-7. . ‘ 5

_ Discharged, 1906-7.'3 to leave for colony.|7 discharged, none on|,. 2. 2.0.20... 600 [Dee acces eee ee oe

2 tubercular phth-| account of sickness.
No. tuberculized. ..|2 with glands, 2 with|Two (2)............. 15 sick with scrofulal4 scrofula...........
. eye trouble. and 1 consumptive. 1
Deatha, 1906~7..... None.. .......... fOne (1) 26.6 a cece feces cece eee ee enon One{I).. .......
:
v

Bathaandainksdrain |

os

|

21°

Or BA, SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA.
—_— nS i , _ _.—
; | % -
Battleford : Red Deer
Industrial, Church of High River Industrial. Calgary I Industrial” Industrial School,
England. chool. Methodist.
I rame rr teeeene Brick ee (girls), framie Stune, not in gond condi-jStone and brick well con-
a (boy: tion, fleors mostly good. | structed.
Furnace and stoves....|Hurnace and stoves........ Fd rr rs .

Wells pumped to tank. | Well engine pumps to tanks .|2 Pease combined hot air/Smead Dowd i in \ parts and
and water. Had to close] stoves. . pump
up rooms. (Cold). Well] from wells to. tan

(good). water to basins in kit-
. chen.
Outdoor privy vaults../Baths and basins indoors, w./W.C. sewer to river, pro-[Outdoor dry earth
c. in dormitories, outdoor| tected against reflex in| closets.
earth closets. high water.
Windows and openings) Windows, 2 stoppers in “chim-|No special meane but win-|Smead Dowd in partial

Not good. | neysclosed very inadequate.| dows. <Air space ade-| operation immiany rooms

quate for number pre-| very defective.

incattic.

“¢ Beautiful’ on bluff/In_ beautiful valley of High|4 miles from Calgary in|Beautiful location on

over Battle river. River, valley of Bow river. banks of Red Deer.
640 acres..........-65 .|100 acres mostly in valley and|275 acres ..... .... ..-- 640 acres for hay, plus
balance of 1,550 is bluffs. 600 acres.
About 100 ....... HBS acres... 6.6. wee eee 1... |About 4 cultivated. No|325 acres. .
school this year, all boys
/ working. g-” ,
60 Acres, 6 acres of gar-|14 acres | wheat,- 1, 000 tong/Sed annual report........ 2,000 wheat, 2,000 ozts,
den and potatoes. ay, 20 acres turnips, 60 . 1,000 barley, 1,500 pota-
acres of oats, 34 acres bar- oF . toes, 25 flax.

ley and large garden.

Tank fire hoe, broad|Tanks, pipes and hose, bab-jStandpipe and. hose from|None, ‘except stairs and

gallery. cock extinguisher, ~ tank, also fire’ extin-| windows to balcony.
: gitishera,
1 1884, 1890 (boys)......... £1898. cece et ee cee eee «1898,
Government. Staff (9).|Government. Staff (10)......(By Rovernment. Staff (é).|By government (c2st 360,-
. ‘ 000). Staff (7). .

BO... cece ee eee eee ee 5 0s 40 allowed, 45 in June,|80.

1898. : ‘
a . ,
:): . ++. [45 (boys), 38 (girls).... .....j19 boya..... ee eee eee 78, July, 1906.

Not on n reserve 15 males Not on reserve. Difficult to/Not on reserve, nearest 13|Not near any reserve.

» from nearest. _get. Pupils rather decrens- miles.
ing in number.
(Sk Sr 1 SC! ee leeseeeeees HIBS oo ccccceceeceeee [eves sessceveucsacenees te
, rn | | Three (8)... 02.0. ceeaeeees None. Reduced from 27|..... eeceeees eee vii
| : to 16.

Number grown up and|7 discharged. . 11, 1 ran away,-1 stole}... ............- enone
left last year. S horses.” ’

None noticed, 10 with/7 girls, 4 boys. SS asee tees Two (2), (1 one sent to|Four with scrofulous —
tmpeti. 170 contagivea, n ‘ Morley Sanatorium). gland iB (4).

saseeee a es eneees No deathe i in last two years. One died (1) cece eeeeee . |Six died (6).

ee =

- REPORT ON THE INDIAN SCHOOLS OF MANITOBA AND THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES.

TABLE VIII. —STATEMENT SHOWING SUMMARY OF CONDITIONS ON INSPECTION OF 26 BOARDING SCHOOLS.

. | Present :
. . Material - hante, Source of Method of . Tontilat} : Amount Amount Amount ae op. : rhan hee By whom Accommo- | P: t |Sch . Number (Number dis- , How many
Name. in building. How heated.) Water Supply. [Sewage Disposal. Quality of Ventilation. Location. of Land. Cultivated. of Products. Fire Protection. When begun built. dation. Attendance. seein ee of Pein entered 1906- charged fowmany, ‘| Died 1906-
; : a Reave 1907, | 1904-1907. | 1907.
fee | ee ee es ne
Morley. (FrameaddnJd2 very old Spring; flowy talW. GC. indoors,/Very poor; 1 fresh air pipe,!On a hillside, 6 mileal 1,487 stony. (Only 10 acres.{No statement; Pipe and hose. 1887, iMethodist Ch.i4 allowed .|16 b Ms i ti sars.{ ji i i - "
> 1900; very] furnaces. building. drain toravine| 3-in, + drawing foul a to| from Morley Stn. Hopes to have] garden stuff. ‘ at ward girs aan 100 pupils, [6 to 18 years. . 7 pupils. 3 pupils. 5 ee None.
much out Also outdoor} furnace to be reheated. 100 acres ; green ‘ now over: 20 per cent.
of repair; W.C. Baths. fodder. oe crowded °
floors old, . with 16. . ot
Sarees Bag. jOld frame| Stoves. [Water by pipe to kit-/Buckets to carry/Old, small windows in low On Sarceo reserve in)Sinallgarden| Only the garden, |... -. eee nee cee eee ae rrr | ByC. E 25 allowed. |5 boys; 6/12 onreserve6 told years.! 1 pupil. 1 died after being} 1 died
Schl. building. chen from wind-| away slops;}- dormitories. a valley of Elbow. : : 6 girls. , not atschl. ns ns sent home. Anumbe 3}
. mill; thia, ont of! outdoor earth , died in1905-6
a order, fo. closets, i | . ue of T.B.
Blackfoot. Frame, Stoves. Wells all bad [Outdoor privies, Only windows; very defee-| On river bottom. |On reserve, 2 acres, Only garden *1884 old hidg.; ; * “| By GC. E. 50 allowed. }17 boys; 18!....... "2. 16 to 15 years.|.. Only 3 pupils not 1.-
(Old Sung) ~ ‘d { _ tive; crowded dormitories, 7 acres, staff, 1894 boys” bldg. . ' girls. . pia reseersstewecersceees under wee e of .
Ci, Bdg. Seht.) vag . Oy . closed in 1901, ; * physician. Most
etd : ey ‘ | ‘ . . are tuberoulized:
} ‘ So many were
. > sick at hosyital
that the classes
Blackfoot. Frame. |] furnace;t well; not used ; hasiOutdoor pr ww yjOnly windows; no evidenceiIn valley of Bow; Sacres, [3 acres garden; 2,Only garden pro.|No fire-cacapes, 1900. By R.C.; govt.} 3¢ allowed. | 33 pupils. | .. ...-... 6 to 16 years.|...... 6 Heath fairs gen.
(Crowfoot) — |, rest stoves.| caved in; water! closets. } of any attempt to ventilate.| river. potatoes. duce. ercept {uside gave 82,500. eral health in-| 90
R.C. Bag. Schl. brought 1 milefrom ntairs. ‘ , different.
river. tas . - . °
Blood (St. Pauls)|Frame and, Stoves. jGood driven well in'Outdoor privies, Only windows ; ho attemptatiIn valley of Belly 161 acres. 125 ac.; 2,500 treea|Gurden products: ‘No fire- escapes, : 1898 .. _ __|By the Ch. of! 80-pupila..4, 33 pupils. | 162 pupils. |6 to 17 years.|, ‘No sickness this None.
C.K. Bdg. Schl.| logs gravel. ~ y adequate ventilation. river opposite planted; grdunds| and oats. except inside! T England. Ny . | year ‘says Dr :
Blood reserve. graded. ais re, ex- ‘. Edwards. :
Blood (R.C.} ; Frame. 2 furnaces, |Well with force pump; ( Jutside privies. |Windows; vents in attic In valley of Belly 10 acres. 8 acres. 2 acres of garden 5} None except in-[In , 1885 a mission. By R.C. Ch. 42 pupils. | 42 ‘pupils 162 pupils. [6 to 17 years.|........... 0) cee ce eee ee .+|Health good, ac. None
Bag, Schl. to kitchen. , closed. . \ river, on reserve. ; 6 potatues. side stairs, Present sehool, . cotding to Dr.
. ee van ; ; o ' - 1895, Xd, . - Edwards.
Peigan (C.E.) Frame, [Pease furn- Good well. {Outdoor- pt iv y| Windows and vents into atticl(On Powder creek,| 40 acres. |Only 2 ac. (garden)/Garden produce. | n ly insid 61898; previously a/By the Ch. of| 30 pupils. | 31 pu ili, teeee 4 we. 16 to DP years.|.....0..c eee] cone !
Bdg. Schl. aces. . ~ vaults, either end, Attic windows] just outside res’ve. eultiv: mek stairs, mission and day England. pal pup in et ° iy : "pcre 8 a ih ecrofulows 2.
- H open ; good attempt. ; school. Nowe . &
Peigan (Sacred | Frame. Stoves. Good well. Outdoor privies.|No attempt at ventilation. In valley of OldMan’s; 2 acres. ' 2 acres. iGarden productajOnly insidei1897; previously was! By R.C. Ch. 30 pupils, | 34 pupila, |.,.....° "Ds ifort6. 2) ree ESS 2 with scrofulous 1.
Heart) B.C. _ Crowded dormitories. river on reserve. 7) stairs, | ry mmission and day . ro? glands.
Bdg. Schl. | ’ ~ . school. |. ; St
Hobbema’ Frame. Stoves, [1 well; cistern in{/Outdoor privies. No ventilation save by one| On the reserve. 160 acres. | 40 acres. 10 ac. potatoes ;|2. canvas tubes ; Tn 1881 was a mis- ‘By R.C. Ch. | 50 pupila, | 54 pupils. pesedeee ave 5'to 16 yours. res (nas .....{L with T.B.; 2 with! ..... vee . .
(Ermineskim) - attic. 6-in, duct. ~ . garden stuf. good, sion; since 1995 a ‘ . scrofulous glands
RG. j boarding school. ; . oa
St Albert Bdg.} Frame. (Fur naces Well. En gine to Outdoor privies ;|No adequate ventilation ; Beautifulsiteon bank! 320 acres. 200 acres. hBushels :- too “1, 260;Outside — veran- 1889, By B.C. Ch, | 230 in all. | 68 pypils, Not on res, 8 to 18 years.) 6... eel eee ee A number.
Schl. and Or- land stoves, | tanks; hat and! some indoor) some vents open in ceiling ;] of Sturgeon river! — - f barley; 4.520] dah for e + (Indians ed-| ° aa els Pre nenrae
phanage. cold water., closets. . dormitories all over-crowd-} near village of St. a | oats; 1,500) capes; good. . ucated in
ed. Albert. . 2 - ts wheat’; 22035 . * part with| ~ - '
_ { - 3 potatoes. (4 whites. } a
at | a men work here) ; : one ae ; oS °
| 3 wells, 1 with | - ; “RED, ne 8 Do j _ -- ;
Ro Bhopal ) Frame. | Stoves we xen windmill 5 yin tdoor privies. Windows has © opening into} poole on high . 6Gacres, |3,acres; ag garden.} Garden stuff. Onter ie. A mission until 1891. By Ch. 40. C \; Ss or 5 to-16. cece pees Se. 8 wi cerpatons sv eeeeeeeees
. supply. ee ee my _ ' . \
Onion Lake, | Well in bak ; =e’ ; wren 16; also 37
i wae Penne Pon ell in bakery ; ... _|Windows only ; girls’ school-| Fine location; near { 10 atres on Zin: “garden 8 Fire exting'rs, | In 189] a day achool BIRO n .
st Barnabas) Frame. Stoves. "good supply. Outdoor privies.) “Soom crowded ; boys’ good. | agency on reserve. rebervg. _ Sim outs, Garden stuff. B: aleoni ex. | bdg, schl, since 1896. By Ch. 50. wee ea. bene ceeeee 5 tol? . eee ceenee [eee ceeeeeee 1 boy with seroful veceeee .
- . ‘ ‘ to | 73 ge : . . ‘
Onion Lake, | re) a . Ww; > ame . « ‘ - ” No firo-escupes ; 955 35 and 17- |, 7
- (Sacred gear t) Frame. Stoves. ; ood well and _ {Outdoor privies. Windows 3 some openings. pe oo ation: eer 4 acres. 2 in garden some; Garden stuff. | are fire-exting- 1808, sete eee eas 66. . half-breeds. settee sees 6 to 1. 2. 1.
cht . v z — wishers. @ -f ’
‘Thunderchild, ‘ leood th, . 14 eg | 1901, a bdg. school .
(Delmas) R. Frame. Stoves. Well. Outdoor privies.} Only windows + ns no attempt On 3 section adjoin- |-100 acres. Good crop on the Good crops. 2 exting. inside originally started By Ch. * 20. 22. lpeas “6 to 16 1with consumption
i : . x ‘arin. stairs, no escapes: : peer ecaee . eee 6 te fener en enee A seer Pe eens
C. Schl. ‘ & at ventilation. ing reserve. . . ° p n 1879, on : ‘ 1 with se. glide. 7
- . . . . . : oa ; . (both boys.) 4 ,
Emmanuel Col. . eee et Outd th 4 x acres ; Wh t, 1 No special , : car , . a
Prince Albert); Frame. Stoves, Wells. q era Windows ; no s vecial means.| At suburb of town: in.town; be-| ~ 65 acres. heat, ones, anc escapes; only | 1895, a day school. By Ch. 100. * . - Not on re- », [8 On acct. of/6 on acct. of None present ; had :
( G. E. Schl. ) boxe 05 no HE ‘, ~.. [longs to Ch. vegetables, . staita. y vee yc : a7 serve. StoIs | hoor health. poor health.} been sent away. 1 of T-B.
, Girls’ closets off R hed i 4 NS 308 meres ; y . . : 7S Not very f a " : .
1 ; ormitories but ooms crowded ; aitre- {Located 1_mile from] Govt. lan ; 300 bush. wheat rinat : er of ’ ory far . ; with |. .
Duck Lake | Frame. 3 furnaces. Wells. outside. Out- | heated by furnaces. Poor, | Duck Lake station. {4 sec. of Ch. _ acres. barley and oats, Only inside stairs 1895. Was a mission) _ 100. 106. “from rea. 2| 7 to 18. arene ate leave , No, aren e Te ‘|idied of TB
_(R. C J. Sebi. ) door privies for 4 3 and near by.p, : | first, then by]. wae or 3 whites. rn ah year, pparent T, 5. ;
4 4 t. . ’ ve
; boys. % ' i sec.” owned Oates potatoes ” » “mov vw oo. ; 3 with seri. 2 -
Gordon’s C. E. Frame Se uee ot Only windows ; air space On 34 acres on re- sel. lym, 5 acres, Only stairs. 1890, W: rch} 35. | eet Saeed _ treatedsm Touch-. Tes
i Bg. Schl. and logs. Stoves. Wells. Outdoor privies. ood. 34 acres . 1h miles die " | and vegetables, y stai ‘ag & church 5. . 29. eee Li 6 to 16 8. Le wood Tent {7"""* ee
, 6 : tant, Bushels. Wheat! prank in attic . , a .' Hgspital
Musecowequan Stone Wells; by windmill ~ lWindows and attic o re) 1,600. Oats 1,200. - ‘ yo . . a
one ‘ $3 penings;} On Ch. land adjoin- y with hose ; no . ’ - : so : ;
(Touchwodd) and Stoves. to tank. Outdoor prities. some attempt at ventilation 1 ing reserve 24 sec. 110 acres. Barley 250. Hay special pro- 1895, By Ch. 30. i <n dpeteee 7 to ls. secnese fece e ceeeee 3. secre ee aeeee
- R. GC. Sehl. logs. - 250 tons, potatoes eetti L ve .
Crooked Tak - : 3 0 and vegetables, ton. . . . .
Ton aaKE . : a Wells and gus Outdoor privies,; Mainly windows ; some In valley of SEC. 5 , Bushels, Wheat{ Tank in attic , , 4? Jf 5 ot | 2 eent to” :
(Conensess) Frame. Bte aun boiler engine. drain to rivert vents to attic. Qu’ Appelle. alley 100 acres. 2,000. Oats 800.{ with lose; no | . 1898, By Ch. asst. 65. 45. nrgerercene ' 6 tolG. . feces eee eh Qu’ Appelle “2. viene ee ees
Hh. . Ocnh. f e Y- Potatoes 400. | outside escapes. y Gov't. . H oka” |- . : ‘for operati’n.| .. .

sel Vounadedanige, chen from wind. away alo psy) dormitories. 1 oa valley of Elbow, i ‘ ., . po — : ~ me ROWE in yas G12 on reservest to 14 years DP 0) Ce 1 died atter being 1 died,
| nll; this ont of! oatdoor earth % : i Kitis, not atachl, : sent home. A numbe
order. closets, : died in 1905-6
i of T.B
Blackfout, | Frame. Stoves, Wells; all bad. [Outdoor prisvies (Only windows: very defee-| On river bottom, [On reserve 2 acre Only sg vir HERS: ’ . * CE . ‘
' tld Sung ‘\ | , tive; crowded darpaitorins, 7 acres, “umees atu, ordew Tao tly ete: ; By OB 00 allowed. (17 ayes WR screenees Sto lb YOR srt procter ree Only 3 pupils not 1.
COR. Hidy. Sebl. . 7 | . my closed in E901. wv \ , : wie ien * Rlontl
’ i . ‘ ' are tubercnlized,
, ' . So many were
. . sick ut Hospital
“ ’ that the classes
Black foot, Frame. {1 furnaces/] well: fot used 5 bagOutdoor priovylOnly windows; no evidence! In valley of Bow, 6 acres 3 acres gar § FAT Ty of ; } . were interrupted.
trow +e ‘on, ‘ed i , ue , y . . : . garden ; 2,Only garden proyNo__fire-oscapes, 1900. by RCL; govt.| 3¢ allowed. | 33 pupil 3 to 16 ‘ wat
ics Tie eh rest stoves, eavedd | in Nuter closets, of any attempt to ventilate,| river. _ potatoes. duce. escnp inside Trave 82500. pupila, | oo. .....,. 8 to 16 years,|...., frre rr Health fae gen hee ceeeee
. SGUITS, .
. i river. . : . : . , different.
Blood (St. Pauls) Frame and , Stoves. (Good' driven well in'‘Ontdoor privies.[Only windows ; noattemptat'In valley of Beli 161 acres, [25 av.; 2,500 t Garde: 1 N vy . of . . ‘
C.K. Bdge. Schl logs i gravel. adequate ventilation, river yop posi te ' planted ; grounds wand ote ner! scent " “he me Oe of 80 pupils. 38 pupils. 162 pupile. Storr YOM cert seees deres cree ees No ickness hie None.
. Blood reserve. ‘ graded. stairs: no ex ‘ . . year says D'rb
> : , . : . . . . tinenishers . | j Hdwardi . 3.
Blood (RCL) Frame. 2 furnaces. {Well with force pump! Outside privies. [Windows ; vents in atticIn valley of Bell 10 acres. j 8 2 acre: rardens Note exeept. in- 5 2 ¢ : . F , °
Hag, Neh. to Kitchen. cloned river, °y nerve, y acrea. apres on arden None except in expt a natal By B.C. Ch. | 42 pupils. | 42 pupils. | 162 pupils, }6 to 17 YOM cece dee cee e ee ,. Health good, ac- None.
- . 1905" . |! | cording to Dr.
we (CLK) Frame. jPease farn-} , 9 Good well. ;Outdoor priv y;/Windows and vents into attic(On Powder creek,| ,40 acres. /Only 2 ac, (garden) Yarden produce.|Only inside 1808; previonsly By the Ch. off 30 P 31 . . . : Bawar
g. Schl. aces, | vanlts, either end. Attic windows] just outside rea’ve.|% cultivated, |) ataire, j mission and | day ‘england “° paps: papilte presse soe Sto TT yontsnfaceseseres| veeecerees i Tan serofulons
; : open ; good attempt. . - schoo). . ; Glands,
.Peigan (Sacred Frame. | Stoves. ¢ [ Good well, ‘Outdoor privies.|No. attempt at ventilation. |In valley of Old Man’s| 2 acres, 2 ac ,Gard i ide, OF 5 i , i 4 "
We antl KC . ‘ . Crowded dormitories. river on reserve, nerens |Garden products tn! naide wy ieeomy day By B.C. Ch. 1 30 puptis. | 34 pupiie. |e... Bho TO yenry vce aos. poe > bite serofulous h
dys Schl. J o4 . ‘ ‘ school. . glands,
- ‘ . . : \ {
Hobbema Frame. | Stoves. 11 well; cistern) in,Outdoor privies.;No ventilation save by one} On the reae 160 neres. | 0) acre * : joes 12 onnvs an w : ’ s . .
(Brininesdens) " attic. Pp Cine dnc ! yy one 1 BELVO, nerex 40 acres, 70 ne tans i canven tubes itn 1861 ae a nis By R.C. Ch. | 50 pupils, | 54 pupils. |......2. 0... HB to WG years... cece cefee eee cece ee Lwith T.P.; 2with}.........0..
RG. \ - . . hoard) wf | serofulous glands .
‘ . ! , . yarding school.
St Albert Bdg.f Frame. .Furnaces|Well, Kngine to Outdoor privies No | adequate — ventilation ; Beautifulsite on bank 390 acres. 200 , Bushels: 1,250) hes wre sat de of vant |
Sehl. and Or- : “aud stoves, tanks; hot and! xome indoor] some vents open in ceiling j| of Sturgeon river acres, aan hast sil ton ran: 1885, . by RC. Ch, | 230in all, nth S. Not on res, |5 to 18 As cc A number, Dengeeeeeeas
phanage. vould water, closets, dormitorieg all over-crowd-| near village of St. » Oates 1,500) enpus; good, - neated in , !
‘ ed, - . Albert. . 1 wheat; 2,085 ° part with
1 , . >- potatoes. (4 whites.)
; y ; men work here) .
, | 3 wells, 1 with | ‘
saddle Lake, “tame | Stave | broken windmill; sor, Windows have opening into! Good site on higl . irw. '
R.C, (Blue Quill) Frame, Stoves nots ery natisfuctory OM" DFINTCS | yttic—closed, roums close. ground on reser ee. Gacres, {3 acres; ax garden.) Garden stuff. oobi. °Y JA mission mtil 1891. By Ch. 40. i 5 to 16. : ne oe 6 with corms
. i | . sUpp. y- ' ~ . of g and nn Shs
ro : {
- Onion Lake, | . .
: . . : Well in bakery ; . | Wind 1 In’ sot | Fine locati 1 16; al
St. Barnal Frame. Stoves. ¥5 10 privie indows only ; girls’ schoo ine location, near | 10 acres on | 2in garden; 8 San Fire exting'’rs. {In 1891 ad. ‘ 3, Also 37 .
_- | (on Barnes) mane oves good supply. \ tee dtour DRIVies, \ room crowde ad’; hoya’ good. } agency on reserve, reserve, | in outs, Garden stuff. I sleonien a * bide. achl. mere Ry Ch, 50. jrhites and sees seses Bto li. feveee crease wot seeeeees ' fy ie go serene
! . ; . valf-breeds. wnds. cree
Onion Lake, |. - ‘ . , he gp . on .
c , ; . God well and | .. | Windows ; sone openings | Fine locati i ns No fire-eacapes ; 35 and 17 -
Saere attr" ame. Stoves. 7000 , indows ; soine openings ine location, near . 2 in garden; somel : ; . . 1898. >and 17 r
(Srered gen t) | Frame. tovess cistern, JOutdoor DEV Ies, into atte, closed. agency on reserve, | 4 8¢Fe 8 oats. Garden stuff. | are Hin extn: wn. cones as half-breeds, |" °"""* cof Stel 3. 1 2. . 1
q . BLOTS, .
Thunderchild . ‘ , . ' .
, : : a “ , MOL, a hedg. school :
(Delmas) R. Frame. Stoves, Well. ‘Outdvor privies.| Only windows; no attonipt On } section adjoin-| 100 acres, (FO! crops on the! Gaod + | 2 exting, inside igi ar ; 9 . . i i
CSch! at ventilation. ise reserves . farm. TOOL CROPS. stuuirs, wf escapes) originally tar ted | By Ch, 20. 22. [eee sees B to fo. ee eee eee ae ee Leeann eens
: . \ ge’ , both boys.)
Emmanuel Col. 200 acre . 4 ( Ny
> Stow Outdoor earth | yy: . . acres ; . No special . . - i
(Prince Albert) | Frame. . Stoves. Wells. boxes, Windows : no special means.| At suburb of town. jin town ; be- 65 acres Wheat, oats and | rs Not . 6
L q Xes, : > 2 ’ ; ee 7 7 escapes ; onl 1895, a day school. By Ch. 100, 47, on re j on acct. of 6 on acct. of None wesent; had
C. BK. Sehi. : longs to Ch. . vegetables, , KEATS, ype y ¥ : 7, serve, G tok poor dealth, | poor health, been sent away. 1 of T.B. >
“Girly closets off 100 acres, | =
Duck Lake |p. ‘dormitories but | Rooms crowded ; air re- jLocated 1 mile from Govt. Jand ; 80 ares 300 Bush. wheat, stg . _ ' ; ‘Not very far’ . 6
(R. C. Sehil.) ° | Frame. 3 furnaces. Wells. Sayside. Oe heated by furnaces. Poor, | Duck Lake station. {2 60 acres, barley and oats. Only inside atairs, 1895. i Was st, halon 100, 106. from res.» 2 To Is, 3. thie year ‘pperent te “I died of T.B oe
s 4 ca, ‘ . ane .
aaa , ; boys. | Govt . 3 with f
' C.K. rar’ oo : . as “ce at . | Onta; potatoe . . . ’ - ’ with ser a
Gordon gC k Av ame Stoves. Wells. Outdoor ‘privies. Only windows ; air space On 33 acres on re- 5 acres, i and vegetables. Only stairs. 1890, - {Was a church 35. pS 6 to 16. 8. 1 treated in T: ouch- de
reg , Llogs. good. serve, . mission first. wood Tent sees
. . : Bushels. Wheat,| op._)-: . . Hospital. , _
Muscowequarr Stone ‘ F : ; *) ‘Tank’in attic - . Pal |
“ Wells; by windmill -. | Windows and atti On Ch. 7 1,600. Onts 1,200.) 3 . :
f . Stoves. ; and attic openings ;| On land adjoin- . th ; :
(Touch wood) ped toves. to tank. Outdoor privies. some attempt at ventilation , ing reserve. 110 acres, Barley 250. Hay “gpecial pro. 1895. | By Ch. 30. BS Sn ns T tO | sscesiccee foe eo cence 5 a r
Crooked Lake and vegetable. tection. 7 | ,
dT: : - . .
(Coweasess) |. Frame.’ Steam boiler W ells and gas Outdoor privies, Mainly windows; some In valley of 100 acres Bushels. Wheat{, Tark in attic “RB « . 2 sent to
R. ©. Schl. engine. rain to river. vents to attic. . Qu’ Appelle. » 12000. Outs 800.) with hose ¢ no 1898, 5 y Ch. asst. 65. Cr oa G6tolG& |....... eee Qu’Appelle: 20° nn
R . ” Potatoes 400. | outside escapes. by Gov't. : for “opernti’ n. .
ound Lake, Frame.’ Furnace , : Wind jnly + ‘but left In valley of . . : ey ook
2 rame. Wells; also river. ]Outd slosets. iIngows Unty ; Dut le n valley o All in farm No special ; ;
Pres. Scl. . and stoves, ? ver utdoor closets open systematically. (Qu’A ppelle. $20, acres, 100 acres. crops. . “exces, . 1864, By Ch. 80(toomany) i B tol. pees se None. None. | None.
Keesekoose Frame WI . ~ .
» (St. Phill | Stoves. Vells; i ie ivi i Adjoinin heat, Oats, yy 1 . ° " .
( et Phil line) im toves. Wells; insufficient. |Outdoor privies. - Windows only. Keesekoose ne ary e. 160 acres, 30 acres. parley aud ° *pecia’ pro- 1901. By Ch. 30. . 25. vee veeeenne 6tol6. |...... None. None ry None
" 1 us . - potatoes. . A De gn Ce oe ee . Jf Yone.
On brow of hill over- : . \ .
Crowstand > . ‘ wos Wind fa] haf : .
‘ }rame. Furnace. } , . indows and vents shafts louking Assiniboine > ushela. Wheat . \ :
. (Pres.) Bdg. Sel. me, { Furn Welfs and windmill.[Outdoor privies.| “pion, most FOOUE 5 fair, | river. On farm ad- 380 acres, 75 acres. a Onts 2,200, | No special pro- 1889. By Ch 50. 45, A
; } a 4 ‘oi é < mn ' vision. : . | _ by Ua. . rn eee 6 to.17. setae erence 2: 3. i |[- None. .
File Hills (Pres.)} | Frame | joining reservé. Barley, ree ee
3 , , | Stoves. Wells; inadequate. |Outdoor privies. 2ci ilation. a ‘Ns’ re- . ss . , ae mee ee cman een
. Bag. Scl. and stone. ’ eq privies. No special ventilation. On ¥ He Hills re. 250-acrea. |. 75 acres. Wheat, 300. |- No special pro- 188 -|. A , 351 at 2 Tub. any og
; Vheat, ‘pecial 9. - By Ch. a. | 22, good | 4tois | 7° 4, j leave forlg gerf. glands. “| None, =
; \ aoe * 12 éye trouble. _
peerings la Frame r Fair. § ir reheated IN MANITO B A. . ;
rairie (Pres, vand urnace. ' Wells. Outd sets. * some air renen ‘ . ; 3
« Bag. i brick. oor closets _ and then breathed. On suburbs of town.| 2 acres. | Only garden plot. [| Vegetables. - 2 éxting. _ No 1895, By Ch 5. "96. ot near ae . >
2 . , : other provision. na y Un. 25, z reserve Btol7. fo... cs seeeee 1. . 2 ;
Birtle (re ) Hot-air Sore rips vanetiad eared Soe ; . eenreys . , ‘ ,
ir 8, 1 sdot-ar ut is on other pre- ‘sewer an t * : : . — . ‘ . . . .
Bdg. Scl. . Stone. * furnaces. | mises; looking pr a'tank ; dry oe th Ventilators in windows ;, jOn hillside overlook- About 10 Fodder, corn, oats outside escapes 5 71888 |. By Ch ‘ Not near ” : : ‘
new supply. closets, outdoors. - partially successful. ing Bird Tail river. Breaking 10!\ and roots, o¢|ucct ’ Ino extinguishers.| - y Ch . _ 50. 49. . reserve. | &to 17. 2. 18, 3 with serf. glands.) None.
_ more, . ; . —_
. ; ; ib
1 . . qe © f “eo
5 ae